Founding Documents – Page 4 – The Constitution • Constitution.com

Constitution of the Republic of Moldova

Adopted on 29 July 1994, amended and supplemented on 5 July 2000 Amended by: 1- Law no. 351-XV of 12 July 2001 (“Monitorul Oficial” no. 90-91/699 of 2 August 2001) 2- Law no. 1469-XV of 21 November 2002 (“Monitorul Oficial” no. 169/1290 of 12 December 2002) 3- Law no. 1470-XV of 21 November 2002 (“Monitorul […]

Constitution of Monaco

Adopted 1911, heavily revised in Dec. 1962 by Prince Rainier III, amended through 2002. Chapter I The Principality – The Public Powers Art 1 The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent State within the framework of the general principles of international law and of the particular conventions with France. The territory of the […]

Cyprus Constitution

Adopted on: 16 Aug 1960 Part 1 General Provisions Article 1 The State of Cyprus is an independent and sovereign Republic with a presidential regime, the President being Greek and the Vice-President being Turk elected by the Greek and the Turkish Communities of Cyprus respectively as hereinafter in this Constitution provided. Article 2 For the […]

The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia

I- HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS The millennial national identity of the Croatian nation and the continuity of its statehood, confirmed by the course of its entire historical experience in various political forms and by the perpetuation and growth of state-building ideas based on the historical right to full sovereignty of the Croatian nation, manifested itself: in the […]

Constitution of the Republic of Iceland

(No. 33, 17 June 1944, as amended 30 May 1984, 31 May 1991, 28 June 1995 and 24 June 1999) I- Article 1 Iceland is a Republic with a parliamentary government. Article 2 Althingi and the President of Iceland jointly exercise legislative power. The President and other governmental authorities referred to in this Constitution and […]

Constitution of Hungary

THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF HUNGARY[1] (25 April 2011) God bless the Hungarians NATIONAL AVOWAL WE, THE MEMBERS OF THE HUNGARIAN NATION, at the beginning of the new millennium, with a sense of responsibility for every Hungarian, hereby proclaim the following: We are proud that our king Saint Stephen built the Hungarian State on solid ground […]

The Constitution of Greece

In the name of the Holy and Consubstantial and Indivisible Trinity THE FIFTH REVISIONARY PARLIAMENT OF THE HELLENES RESOLVES PART ONE BASIC PROVISIONS SECTION I THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT Article 1 1- The form of government of Greece is that of a parliamentary republic. 2- Popular sovereignty is the foundation of government. 3- All powers […]

Constitution of Romania

TITLE I – General principles ARTICLE 1 – Romanian State (1) Romania is a sovereign, independent, unitary and indivisible National State. (2) The form of government of the Romanian State is a Republic. (3) Romania is a democratic and social state, governed by the rule of law, in which human dignity, the citizens’ rights and […]

Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria

Promulgated, State Gazette No. 56/13.07.1991 (effective 13.07.1991), amended and supplemented, SG No. 85/26.09.2003, SG No. 18/25.02.2005, SG No. 27/31.03.2006, Decision No. 7 of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria of 13.09.2006 – SG No. 78/26.09.2006, SG No. 12/6.02.2007 Preamble We, the National Representatives of the Seventh Grand National Assembly, aspiring to express the […]

Constitution of the Republic of Albania

Note: Text approved by referendum on 22 November 1998 and promulgated on 28 November 1998; changes to articles 109/1 and 154/1, /2 made by law no. 9675 of 13 January 2007; changes to articles 64, 65, 67, 68, 87, 88, 104, 105 and 149 and the repeal of Part Twelve made by law no. 9904 […]

Constitution of the Czech Republic

Adopted Dec. 16, 1992 Updated as of March 8, 2012 Preamble We, the citizens of the Czech Republic in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, at the time of the restoration of an independent Czech state, faithful to all good traditions of the long-existing statehood of the Czech Crown, as well as of Czechoslovak statehood, resolved to […]

Constitution of the Portuguese Republic

Seventh Revision – 2005 PREAMBLE On the 25th of April 1974 the Armed Forces Movement crowned the long years of resistance and reflected the deepest feelings of the Portuguese people by overthrowing the fascist regime. Freeing Portugal from dictatorship, oppression and colonialism was a revolutionary change and the beginning of an historic turning point for […]

Constitution of Finland

{ Adopted on: 11 June 1999 } { In force since: 1 March 2000 } { ICL Document Status: 1 Jan 2000 } Chapter 1 Fundamental provisions Section 1 The Constitution (1) Finland is a sovereign republic. (2) The constitution of Finland is established in this constitutional act. The constitution shall guarantee the inviolability of […]

Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

2008 CHAPTER 1 Fundamental rights Article 1 All persons in the Netherlands shall be treated equally in equal circumstances. Discrimination on the grounds of religion, belief, political opinion, race or sex or on any other grounds whatsoever shall not be permitted. Article 2 1- Dutch nationality shall be regulated by Act of Parliament. 2- The […]

Constitution of Norway

The Constitution, as laid down on 17 May 1814 by the Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll and subsequently amended, most recently in May 2014 A Form of Government Article 1 The Kingdom of Norway is a free, independent, indivisible and inalienable realm. Its form of government is a limited and hereditary monarchy. Article 2 Our values […]

Constitution of the Kingdom of Sweden

Chapter 1 Basic Principles Article 1 (1) All public power in Sweden proceeds from the people. (2) Swedish democracy is founded on freedom of opinion and on universal and equal suffrage. It shall be realized through a representative and parliamentary polity and through local self-government. (3) Public power shall be exercised under the law. Article […]

Constitution of Switzerland

Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999 (Status as of 18 May 2014) Preamble In the name of Almighty God! The Swiss People and the Cantons, mindful of their responsibility towards creation, resolved to renew their alliance so as to strengthen liberty, democracy, independence and peace in a spirit of solidarity and […]

Constitution of the Republic of Poland

2nd APRIL, 1997 Having regard for the existence and future of our Homeland, Which recovered, in 1989, the possibility of a sovereign and democratic determination of its fate, We, the Polish Nation – all citizens of the Republic, Both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good and beauty, As well […]

Constitution of Italy

Adopted Dec. 22, 1947 Effective Jan. 1, 1948 Updated as of Apr. 29, 2014 [Part 0] Fundamental Principles Article 1 [Form of State] (1) Italy is a democratic republic based on labor. (2) The sovereignty belongs to the people who exercise it in the forms and limits of the constitution. Article 2 [Human Rights] The […]

The Basic Laws of Israel

NOTE – Israel is governed by The Basic Laws instead of a Constitution. Basic Law: The President of the State June 25, 1964 Status 1- A President shall stand at the head of the State. Place of residence. 2- The place of residence of the President of the State shall be Jerusalem. Election and period […]

Constitution of Belgium

Coordinated text of 14 February 1994 (last updated 8 May 2007) Title I On Federal Belgium, its components and its territory. Article 1 Belgium is a Federal State made up of communities and regions. Art. 2 Belgium is made up of three communities: The French Community, the Flemish Community and the German Community. Art. 3 […]

Constitution of Denmark

1953 Part I 1- This Constitution Act shall apply to all parts of the Kingdom of Denmark. 2- The form of government shall be that of a constitutional monarchy. The Royal Power shall be inherited by men and women in accordance with the provisions of the Succession to the Throne Act, 27th March, 1953. 3- […]

Constitution of Austria

Adopted 1930, Amended up to 2014 Chapter I General Provisions. European Union A- General Provisions Art. 1. Austria is a democratic republic. Its law emanates from the people. Art. 2. (1) Austria is a federal state. (2) The Federal State is composed of the autonomous provinces of Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, […]

The Falkland Islands Constitution Order

Made – – – – 5th November 2008 Laid before Parliament 12th November 2008 Coming into force in accordance with section 1(3) At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 5th day of November 2008 Present, The Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty in Council Her Majesty, in exercise of the powers conferred upon Her by the British […]

Constitution of Suriname

1987 (with reforms of 1992) Preamble WE, THE PEOPLE OF SURINAME, inspired by the love for this Country and the belief in the power of the Almighty and guided by the centuries-long struggle of our people against colonialism, which was terminated by the establishment of the Republic of Suriname on 25 November 1975, taking the […]

Constitution of Guyana

1980 with 1996 reforms ACT NO. 2 OF 1980 CONSTITUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA ACT 1980 I assent, A. Chung, President. 20th February, 1980. SCHEDULE AN ACT to enact a new Constitution of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, to repeal the Guyana Independence Act 1966, the Guyana Independence Order 1966, and the existing […]

Constitution of Uruguay

Adopted 1966, Reinstated in 1985, Amended through 2004 SECTION I: The Nation and Its Sovereignty Chapter I Article 1 The Oriental Republic of Uruguay is the political association of all inhabitants included within its territory. Article 2 It is and always shall be free and independent of any foreign power. Article 3 It shall never […]

Constitution of the Dominican Republic

2010 Preamble We, representatives of the Dominican people, free and democratically elected, gathered in the National Revisory Assembly; invoking the name of God; guided by the ideology of our Fathers of the Fatherland, Juan Pablo Duarte, Matias Ramon Mella and Francisco del Rosario Sanchez, and the heroes of the Restoration that established a free, independent, […]

Constitution of Haiti

1987 PREAMBLE The Haitian people proclaim this constitution in order to: Ensure their inalienable and imprescriptible rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; in conformity with the Act of Independence of 1804 and the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1948. Constitute a socially just, economically free, and politically independent Haitian […]

The Constitution of The Commonwealth of The Bahamas

STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 1973 No. 1080 CARIBBEAN AND NORTH ATLANTIC TERRITORIES The Bahamas Independence Order 1973 Made: 20th June 1973 Laid Before Parliament: 26th June 1973 Coming into Operation: 10th July 1973 At the Court at Windsor Castle, the 20th day of June 1973 Present, The Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty in Council Her Majesty, by virtue […]